If you decide to travel to Ukraine consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. Ukraine’s healthcare system is already under strain, prepare and make sure you are as self sufficient as possible.

Book an appointment with your Medical Doctor or Travel Clinic prior to travel to request a basic health assessment and to plan any vaccinations you may need. Where possible, it is advised you do this at least eight-weeks before you depart.

It’s important for you to know the following health concerns in Ukraine

• COVID-19 remains a high-risk. 
• HIV/AIDS is a risk. Take steps to reduce your risk of exposure to the virus.
• Infectious diseases include: Polio, Tuberculosis, Measles, Diphtheria and Hepatitis.
• Rabies is a risk. If an animal bites or scratches you, get immediate medical help.
• Drink only boiled or bottled water.
• Avoid raw or undercooked food.
• Chernobyl remains Radioactive.

Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

• Washing your hands often.
• Avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces and crowded places.
• Avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness.
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners.

Outside major cities, the standard of state medical facilities is low. Medical staff outside of major centres often do not speak English, except in private clinics. Reports, prescriptions and other documents won’t be in English. There are frequent shortages of medical supplies. Russian military action could disrupt access to essential services, including healthcare.

If you become ill or injured, you may need to be evacuated. Affordable Emergency Medical Insurance and Response Membership options are available.

Organisations have a duty of care responsibility to their employees and volunteers to protect their health, safety and welfare, and must do whatever is reasonably practicable to achieve this. However, as an individual you also have a duty of care to yourself, to learn and understand the risks associated with travel, and to take all necessary measures to mitigate those risks to you and those around you.

Below is some key information you should know before embarking on any travel to Ukraine.

• A vast majority of the world's Governments are advising their citizens against all travel to Ukraine and advise that consular services in Ukraine are extremely limited.
   
• Russia has launched a series of intensified attacks against Ukraine’s civilian and government infrastructure, with attacks ongoing. Russian strikes in Ukraine pose a continued threat to civilians and civilian infrastructure. Russian strikes also pose a threat to Ukraine’s active nuclear power plants, with particular concern for the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant.
   
• The Russian invasion of Ukraine is ongoing. Several towns and cities in southern and eastern Ukraine are temporarily under Russian control. The security situation continues to be volatile. Heavy fighting is occurring in parts of eastern and southern Ukraine. Missile strikes and attacks are ongoing in some locations across the country, including in major cities. Infrastructure and military facilities have been struck by rocket and missile attacks.
   
• A nationwide State of Emergency is in place and Martial Law has been imposed. Other local restrictions may be implemented with little warning. Check the measures in place in your location as they may vary from region to region, and follow the instructions of the local Ukrainian authorities. Measures could include curfews, restrictions on the freedom of movement, ID verification, and increased security inspections. Carry identification (ID) with you at all times.
   
• If you hear a loud explosion or if sirens are activated, seek shelter in a hardened structure away from windows. Subway stations may be available as shelters. Make sure you have an adequate supply of basic food, water and medications. Have a list of emergency contacts on you. Be alert and aware of your surroundings. Follow the advice of Ukrainian authorities and avoid areas where military forces are gathered. Continue to monitor local and international media about changing security conditions and alerts to shelter in place.
   
• In the event you need to depart Ukraine, you need to carefully consider the safest departure options. Make contingency plans for how and when you’re going to leave Ukraine. Roads may be crowded, exposed to military action or have damage. Confirm the entry requirements of the destination you’re travelling to. Expect disruption to travel and changes at short notice. Make sure you have an adequate supply of food, water, medication and fuel. Keep your travel documents up to date, including for your immediate family. Continue to review your personal security plans. You’re responsible for your own safety and that of your family. Any travel options you pursue are taken at your own risk.
   
• If you do not have an adequate High-Risk Insurance and/or Response Membership in place, valid for travel to and within Ukraine, your options may be limited if you require emergency medical or security assistance.

If you decide to travel to Ukraine consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition.

Book an appointment with your Medical Doctor or Travel Clinic prior to travel to request a basic health assessment and to plan any vaccinations you may need. Where possible, it is advised you do this at least eight-weeks before you depart.

It’s important for you to know the following health concerns in Ukraine

• COVID-19 remains a high-risk. 
• HIV/AIDS is a risk. Take steps to reduce your risk of exposure to the virus.
• Infectious diseases include: Polio, Tuberculosis, Measles, Diphtheria and Hepatitis.
• Rabies is a risk. If an animal bites or scratches you, get immediate medical help.
• Drink only boiled or bottled water.
• Avoid raw or undercooked food.
• Chernobyl remains Radioactive.

Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

• Washing your hands often.
• Avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces and crowded places.
• Avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness.
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners.

Outside major cities, the standard of state medical facilities is low. Medical staff outside of major centres often do not speak English, except in private clinics. Reports, prescriptions and other documents won’t be in English. There are frequent shortages of medical supplies. Russian military action could disrupt access to essential services, including healthcare.

If you become ill or injured, you may need to be evacuated. Affordable Emergency Medical Insurance and Response Membership options are available.

The climate of Ukraine can be described as dry and continental with warm, dry summers and fairly severe winters. January is the coldest month with daytime temperatures usually around 0°C, but in some cases winter months can be quite colder with temperatures far below zero, reaching -20°C or lower, with strong, cold northeasterly winds, called Bora.

In summer daytime temperatures reach 25-30°C, but sometimes quite higher, 35°C or more, especially in the inland areas. The summer months enjoy dry weather with sunny spells most of the time, rain often falls with sometimes heavy Thunderstorms, but mostly along the coastal areas of the Black Sea. These Thunderstorms often occur at the end of the day. July is the warmest month.

Dress accordingly.

Climate risks to life and health include:

WILDFIRES

Brush and forest fires are common in eastern and southern Ukraine in July and August. In case of a major fire, stay away from the affected area. Air quality in areas near active fires may deteriorate due to heavy smoke.

• Always follow the instructions of local emergency services personnel.
• Monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation.

FLOODING

Flooding occurs in western Ukraine during the winter thaw and following sustained heavy rains. This may cause damage to roads and infrastructure. Plan your route carefully.

SNOW & ICE STORMS

In winter, avalanches, heavy snow and freezing rain pose a risk. They can make roads impassable and can cause power disruptions. These conditions can affect access to isolated areas, including to some tourist resorts. The conditions can also limit the ability of first responders to reach these areas in case of emergency.

Power outages and disruption to phone and internet signals are frequent throughout Ukraine. This is particularly prevalent when Air Raid Sirens sound in towns and cities across the country. This is due in part to antiquated critical infrastructure, not designed for surge capacity. When an incident occurs, there is often a surge in phone calls, text messages and social media posts, which in-turn can overload the system, making it difficult to make or receive calls or messages, and/or achieve a stable internet connection.

In addition, Russia continues to target telecommunications and electricity infrastructure.

Corporations and organisations sending staff and volunteers to Ukraine frequently experience issues with Travel Risk Management, Tracking and Alerts Apps, including problems with location accuracy, undelivered messages, and delayed alerts. From a Duty of Care and operational resiliency perspective, corporations and organisations are advised not to rely solely on these types of Apps for tracking, alerts and/or two-way messaging.

Satellite phones are legal to carry in Ukraine.

Visitors are advised to purchase a Local SIM Card upon arrival. Opting for a local SIM card offers cost-effective rates. It is undoubtedly the optimal choice if you wish to avoid subjecting yourself to pricey phone calls and the hassle of seeking out free Wi-Fi.

To drive in Ukraine, you need an International Driving Licence/Permit.

When you drive, you must always carry:

• Original Vehicle Registration Papers
• Ownership Documents
• Proof of Insurance
• Green Card

You will need to show these at border crossings or if stopped by the police. This includes rental vehicles.

When crossing a border in a private vehicle, you’ll need to carry a Green Card to prove you have the minimum insurance required by the country you’re driving in. You may be able to obtain a Green Card at the insurance company offices at some border crossings, or you should contact your insurance provider. 

Driving in Ukraine can be dangerous. Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, roads may be crowded, exposed to military action or have damage, including to bridges and facilities. Hazards include:

• Poorly lit and maintained roads
• Aggressive or speeding drivers
• Drivers who ignore road rules
• Drunk drivers
• Unsafe vehicles, especially on rural roads

Take care when driving. Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are still the leading cause of injury and death in Ukraine.

VEHICLE MAINTENANCE

A vast majority of incidents involving vehicles and breakdowns can be reduced by carrying out basic vehicle checks and preventative maintenance. In Ukraine, gas stations and vehicle servicing locations are not always open, and tow trucks cannot be relied upon (especially for armoured vehicles due to the increased weight).

Before you drive, check the following:

• Do you have enough fuel for your journey? (Confirm if Diesel or Petrol)
• Check oil level, and carry spare oil.
• Check brake fluid level and power steering levels.
• Inspect battery terminals to confirm the connections are secure.
• Fill up the windscreen washer fluid, and carry spare.
• Inspect all wheels and tyres (including the spare).
• Confirm all lights are working (and regularly clean them).

You are advised to always carry a vehicle breakdown kit, including a high visibility vest, warning triangle, jumper cables, tow rope, gloves, first aid kit, flashlight, spare batteries, spare fuses, spare bulbs and a screwdriver at the minimum.

ROUTE PLANNING

First and foremost, check the Ukraine Risk Map to confirm which colour Risk Zone you will be driving in. The Red Zone is under Russian control and all travel to and within the Red Zone is advised against due to the extreme risk to life.

You should always ensure you have a good means of communications and that you regularly check-in with trusted people who can send Assistance in the case of an Emergency. You should also always know the routes you are driving and the location of any safe facilities along those routes that could be of use to you, including police stations and hospitals.

If you travel regularly, try to avoid a routine. Do not leave at the same time every day, and try to alternate your routes. This will make you less of a predictable target if you are being watched.

VEHICLE SAFETY

Vehicles should be secured or manned at all times (where possible). If they are left unattended, always lock them. Upon returning to the vehicle, they, and the area around them, must be searched for Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), electronic surveillance devices, and anything suspicious.The area around a vehicle must be scanned as you approach it for any suspicious vehicles or people. Criminals, and/or sympathisers with Russia may have found your vehicle(s) and could be waiting for your approach to attack, kidnap or assassinate you.
 

See also Vehicle Check Points (VCPs).

There are Vehicle Checkpoints (VCPs) in several locations around Ukraine, manned by the military and/or police. Ad-hoc VCPs can also be set-up with very little notice.

First and foremost, as you approach a Vehicle Check Point (VCP) do so slowly and remain calm. When you reach the Guard(s), always be polite and courteous. Keep your hands visible and maintain a neutral and approachable demeanour.

Courtesy should be extended, irrespective of the unfriendliness of those overseeing the situation. Whenever feasible, remaining inside your vehicle is recommended. In cases where this isn't feasible, strive to remain in a group for added safety.

They will ask for your Identification and could request to search your vehicle. While it is important that you comply, always remain diligent. If you are asked to exit your vehicle, do not leave valuables (wallet, watch, phones etc.) inside the vehicle.

If you are operating in the Orange Zone (see Risk Map) there is a heightened risk of what is known as an Illegal VCP, where potentially criminals, insurgents, terrorists, or enemy forces (Russians) could set-up a VCP disguised as Ukrainian Forces. Remain diligent.

You must abide by local all local laws and customs.

IDENTIFICATION

Local police may ask to see your passport and visa at any time.

• Carry adequate identification at all times.
• Keep a photocopy or digital copy of your passport in a safe place, in case of loss or seizure.
• Always cooperate with local authorities and be aware that they could detain you while your identification documents are being verified.
  
  DRUGS

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and heavy fines.

PHOTOGRAPHY

Don’t take pictures of military installations or other government buildings.

DUAL CITIZENSHIPS

Dual citizenship is not legally recognised in Ukraine.

If local authorities consider you a citizen of Ukraine, they may refuse to grant you access to other country consular services. This will prevent us from providing you with those services.

Ukrainian males (including dual nationals) from 18 to 60 years of age are being stopped from leaving Ukraine.

INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Ukraine, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the Ukrainian court.

If you are in this situation:

• Act as quickly as you can
• Contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention.
• Consult a lawyer in your home country and in Ukraine to explore all the legal options for the return of your child.

SURROGACY

If you’re planning to visit Ukraine for the purpose of commissioning surrogacy arrangements, you should consider the potential challenges involved in pursuing international surrogacy and seek specialist legal advice on the laws applicable to you prior to making any arrangements.

LGBTQI2S+

Ukrainian law does not prohibit sexual acts between individuals of the same sex.

Despite large and active LGBTQI2S+ communities in major urban centres, homosexuality is not widely accepted in Ukrainian society. Avoid public displays of affection.

Expect a heavy police presence at LGBTQI2S+ events. Counter-protests and violence are possible. Have a plan for safely exiting the area.

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, is common, particularly in:

• Crowded places
• Tourist areas
• Bars and nightclubs
• Public transportation

In central Kyiv, criminal activity, including muggings, is more prevalent at night. Ensure that your belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, are secure at all times. Avoid showing signs of affluence and carrying large sums of cash.

Harassment and assaults can happen against radicalised communities. Local authorities may not respond to racially motivated violence and harassment.

Armed robbery can occur, especially in the larger cities.

Weapons, including small arms and explosives, are present in all areas of the country. On occasion, personal disputes between individuals may involve the use of these weapons. Violent incidents, such as shootings, can occur in both residential and public areas. Tourists are not particularly targeted, but you could find yourself in the wrong place at the wrong time. Be aware of your surroundings and remain vigilant.

FRAUD

Credit card and ATM fraud occurs. Be cautious when using debit or credit cards:

• Pay careful attention when your cards are being handled by others.
• Use ATMs located inside a bank or business.
• Avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature.
• Cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN.
• Check for any unauthorised transactions on your account statements

INVESTMENT FRAUD

Unsolicited emails offering enticing business or financial opportunities are most likely fraudulent. Don’t travel to Ukraine with the intention to obtain restitution after losing money to a scam.

If you plan on buying property, or making other investments in Ukraine, seek legal advice. Do so before making commitments. Related disputes could take time and be costly to resolve.

SCAMS

Scammers often target tourist areas and hotels.

Some bars and nightclubs may try to charge exorbitant prices. Discussions about overcharging may lead to threats of violence and security guards may force you to pay. Avoid running a tab or leaving your credit card with bar or restaurant staff.

Stay alert to possible street scams. One common scam involves a person dropping a wallet or a bundle of money in front of a tourist, hoping the tourist will pick it up. The scammer then accuses the tourist of stealing some of the money. These scams can involve several crooks, some posing as police officers. If this happens to you, don’t pick up the dropped items. Simply walk away without engaging in conversation.

ROMANCE SCAMS

If you’re travelling to Ukraine to meet someone you’ve otherwise only met online, you may be the victim of a scam. Be alert to attempts at fraud by persons who profess friendship or romantic interest over the in

SPIKED FOOD & DRINKS

Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances, as they may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.

There is a threat of terrorism in Europe. Terrorists have carried out attacks in several European cities and further attacks are likely.

Targets could include:

• Government buildings, including schools.
• Places of worship.
• Airports and other transportation hubs and networks.

Public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners.

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places. Be particularly vigilant if attending sporting events and during religious holidays and other public celebrations, as terrorists have used such occasions to mount attacks.

BOMBINGS AND BOMB THREAT HOAXES

Small-scale targeted bombings, including car bombs, have on occasion occurred in Ukraine, including in Kyiv. Attacks are generally linked to criminal activity or are politically motivated with the intent to damage property. Some attacks have resulted in casualties. There is a risk of being in the wrong place at the wrong time. Always be alert when in public places.

Bomb threat hoaxes are common and can target any location, including, but not limited to:

• Shopping malls
• Transportation hubs
• Government facilities
• Schools
• Public spaces

If you are in an area affected by a bomb threat, follow the instructions of local authorities and evacuate calmly.

In Ukraine, if an Air Raid Siren is sounded, it means there is an active threat of incoming enemy fire, likely a missile(s) or drone(s). The Siren will continue until the danger has passed. It is important to note that just because a Siren is not sounded, it does not mean there is no threat. It is not always possible to detect all incoming missiles.

On hearing the sirens, there may be some apathy amongst the local population who will continue their normal pattern of life. Air Raid Sirens sound when there is a threat. If a missile does strike, you carry a much higher risk of serious injury if you are not in hardened cover or an air raid shelter.

The observed use of sirens in Ukraine has been the following:

• Danger threat: Repeated long bursts.
• All Clear: Final Short burst.

SHELTER

Throughout most cities in Ukraine the locations of shelters are sign-posted enabling you to easily locate them. If you are staying in a hotel, they will advise you where the nearest suitable shelter is. Familiarise yourself with the shelters closest to you.

If you are not near a designated shelter, select a place of cover that is suitable. This can include a basement or underground car park.

Avoid being near large windows. If you are in a hotel, keep the curtains closed (to shield from shattered glass). If you are driving and hear an Air Raid Siren, do not stop on or under a bridge (bridges are often strategic targets).

If you are stuck in one location with no access to a shelter, fill available containers, including the bathtub with water. This serves two purposes: it provides (1) a ready supply of water in the event of fire, and (2) readily available drinking/cooking water in the event a missile strikes the water mains or electricity hub that powers the water pumping stations, cutting off or greatly reducing the water pressure.

UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE (UXO)

Landmines and unexploded ordnance will endanger the lives of innocent people for years to come. While mines and unexploded ordnances have been a long-standing danger in this region, the risk they pose has increased exponentially since February 2022.

Contamination caused by explosive ordnance and landmines seriously hampers development, economic growth and food security, as well as impeding access to education and healthcare – all of which are vital to supporting countries to achieve stability and lasting peace.

To date (as of March 31, 2023), Ukrainian national authorities report that they have already located, recorded, and removed over 305,000 mines and explosive devices. Ukraine’s Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA), developed by the GICHD, is receiving new information daily on explosive ordnance identified, areas surveyed, and ongoing risk education activities.

Approx. 30% of Ukraine’s territory will need to be cleared of mines and explosives, according to the latest estimates by the Ecology Ministry since Russia began its invasion and bombardment of Ukraine.

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

UXO poses a risk of serious injury or death to anyone in the vicinity. Early identification of potential UXO is the first and most important step in reducing risk posed by UXO.

Many types of UXO may be encountered:

• Small arms munitions
• Guided missiles
• Rockets
• Projectiles
• Mortars
• Bombs
• Grenades
• Sub munitions

UXO may be found fully intact or in fragments. ALL UXO presents a potential hazard and should be treated as such.

Deteriorated UXO presents a particular hazard because it may contain chemical agents that could become exposed.

HAZARD CONTROL

If you see UXO, stop and do not move closer.

• Isolate and clearly mark the area.
• Deny entry to others.
• Never transmit radio frequencies near UXO.
• Never remove anything near UXO.
• Never touch, move, or disturb UXO.
• Keep a minimum of 1000 feet away from areas on fire that contain suspected UXO.
• Report discovery of UXO to Military and/or Police, as well as your Supervisor

If you require Emergency Medical and/or Security Assistance, call or email the Emergency Assistance contact details on your Insurance or Response Membership policy.

In the event of an emergency, you are also advised to contact your country’s consular services, although their response in Ukraine is likely to be extremely limited.

To contact local emergency services, call:

FIRE

• Call 101.

AMBULANCE

• Call 103.

POLICE

• Call 102.

Always obtain a police report when reporting a crime.